With the name of Allah Who is the most
Beneficent & the most Merciful
O Lord opens my
eyes
That I can see the
glimpsing Blessing sprinkled on us,
And show me the
right path,
The path of those
who got success here in life
And will be rewarded on
Roz-e-Jaza
A project on
Pakistan Boutique
INTRODUCTION:-
The fashion
industry is one line of work that will always be in business. Mainly because
all people have a basic for clothing and many an evolving interest in style and
fashion trends. Flexibility in establishing your target consumer is also
present in retail clothing, as people of all ages, sizes and style preference
will always need cloth. If you have a solid background in retail sales and a
passion for fashion, you might find lucrative opportunities as a clothing
boutique owner. Everything you need to succeed. According to Entrepreneur
magazine, clothing boutique owners estimate the cost of starting a clothing
store to be anywhere from $30,000 to $250,000.
Forbes reports that $100,000 is generally required to cover remodeling
alone.Of course, the actual amount may vary by location, products and
individual facility.
Existing System:
Many organization
stored data in files on tape or disk. It was managed using existing system. In
this system, some important disadvantages of file processing system are as
follow
·
Data
Redundancy and Inconsistency
·
Data
Isolation
·
Program
Data Dependency
·
Atomicity
Problem
·
Integrity
problems
·
Security
Problems
·
Program
Maintenance
Data Redundancy and Inconsistency:
In
file processing system, the same data may be duplicated in several files.
Inconsistency:
Inconsistency means that
two files may contain different data of the same student.
Data Isolation:
The data in file
processing system is in various files. It becomes very difficult to write new
application program to retrieve the appropriate data.
Integrity problems:
Integrity means reliability and accuracy of
data. The stored data must satisfy certain types of consistency constrains.
Program Data Dependency:
Program
data dependency is a relationship between data in files required to update and
maintain the file.
Atomicity Problem:
An operation on data may
consist of different steps. A collection of all steps required to complete a
process is known as transaction. The atomicity means either one transaction
should take place as a whole or it should not take place at all.
Security Problems:
File processing
system does not provide adequate security on data. In some situations, it is
required to provide different types of access to data for different users.
Program Maintenance:
The programs
developed in file processing system are difficult to maintain. Most of the
budget may be spent on maintenance. It makes it difficult to develop new
application.
OBJECTIVES
Efficiency:
The proposed
system will be faster and more efficient than existing system.
User
Friendly:
The staff should communicate with the system through simple conversions.
Time
factor:
Time is very important factor for decision-making. The
higher authorities require better response to their queries.
Data security:
It is necessary to protect data from accidental loss.
SHEDULE
In planning a common
device for presenting a schedule is the Gant t chart.
Every
activity is represented on a Gantt chart horizontal bar that travel across the
time
Line
represented by x-axis
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Preliminary
investigation
Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
|
|
1
2 3 4 5
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System
Development Life Cycle
System development life
cycle is a conventional way to develop an information system. It consists of
many steps and involves different persons.
The steps of SDLC are as
follows:
Preliminary
Investigation:
Preliminary investigation is the first phase
of SDLC. Its main objective is to identify the problems and requirement in the
user current environment. An important result of the preliminary investigation
is whether the system to be developed id feasible or not.
Feasibility is determined on the following parameters:
·
Whether
current technical resources or technology is available in the developer’s
organization or in the market that is capable of handling the user
requirements.
·
Whether
the system is cost effective economically or financially.
·
How
effectively the user will operate this software once installed.
Feasibility
Study Reports is produced at the end of this phase.
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Preliminary
Investigation
|
|
Analysis
|
|
Design
|
|
Development
|
|
Testing
|
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Implementation
|
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Maintenance
|
Cause
of change:
It may be external or internal cause. Internal cause
means cause of change within the organization and external cause of change outside
the organization.
Scope
of the Problem:
Requirements
Analysis:
In this phase the current
business system is studied in detail to find out how it work and where
improvements are required. It includes a detailed study of various operations
performed by the system and their relationship within and outside the system
the analyst and user work closely during the complete analysis phase. A
detailed document is prepared at the end of this phase called requirement
specifications.
System
Design:
The requirement analysis
phase provides the requirements of the system the next phases to design the new
system to satisfy these requirements. The design phase states how a system will
meet the requirements identified during system analysis phase as mentioned in
the requirement specifications.
Software
development:
In this phase actual
coding of the program is done program are tested using dummy data. Programmers
also prepares the documentations related to program the documentation explains
how and why a certain procedure in a specific way.
System
Testing:
After the program is tested individually, the system
is tested as a whole.
System
implementation:
In this phase, the developed system is installed for
use. The following activities are
performed before the actual usage of the system:
·
User
personnel are trained to operate the system.
·
The
data files needed by the system are constructed.
Normalization
A process of converting
complex data structures in to simple and stable data structures is known as
normalization. It is based on the Analysis of functional dependency
Functional
Dependency:
Functional dependency is a relationship between
attributes. It means that if the value of one attribute is known, it is
possible to obtain the value of another attribute.
IST
Normal Form:
A relation R is in first normal form (INF) if and only if all underlying
domains contain atomic value only. It means that the relation does not contain
any repeating group. A repeating group is a set of one or more data items that
may occur a variable number of times in a tuple. Each cell in a relation should
contain only one value
Problems
in 1NF:
Different types of problems are as follows:
1
Updating Problem2
Inconsistent Data
3
Addition Problems4 Deletion
Problem
Updating
Problem:
Suppose the user wants to change the name of
accountant number 35 “M. Duad
”. He has to name in all record in which Accountant
number 35 appears. This process of updating can be very lengthy.
Inconsistent
Data:
The above table may contain inconsistent data. There
are three record of accountant number 35. It is possible that there are two
different names with accountant number 35different records. The user can make
this error during updating.
Addition
Problems:
Suppose the user wants to add another skill number in
the table. It is not possible until an accountant with that skill exist because
both skill number and accountant number are used as primary key in the above
table.
Deletion
Problem:
Suppose the
user wants to delete the record of supervisor Ghfoor if he deletes the whole
record in which Ghfoor appears, the information about accountant will also be
lost.
Full
Functional Dependency:
In a relation
R, attribute B of R is fully functionally
dependent on an attribute or set of
attribute A or R if B is
functionally dependent on A but not functionally dependent on any other proper
subset of A.
2ndNORMAL
FORM:
A relation is in second normal form (2NF) if it is in
1NF and if all of its non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on
the whole key. It means that of non-key attributes are related to a part of
key.
Problems
in 2NF:
Different types
of problems are as follows:
1. Updating
Problem
2. Inconsistent
Data
3. Addition
Problems
4. Deletion
Problems
Updating
Problem:
But In 2NF, the record of an accountant appears only
once the updating problem is eliminated in 2NF.
Inconsistent
Data:
The record of
one accountant appears only once in the database, the possibility of
inconsistent data is automatically eliminated.
Addition
problem:
In 1NF it was
not possible to enter a new skill number until an accountant with date skill
existed. In 2NF any number of skills can be added in skill relation without an
accountant with that skill. It eliminates the addition problem.
Deletion
problem:
In 2NF, the record of Ghafoor is deleted it is not
delete any other record.
Transitive
Dependency:
Transitive
dependency is a condition in which an attribute is dependent on an attribute
that is not part of the primary key.
3rdNormal
Form:
A relation
is in third normal form if it is 2NF and if no non-key attribute is dependent
on another non-key attribute. It means that all non-key attributes are
functionally dependent only on primary key. There should be no transitive
dependency in a relation.
User Interface
Table1
Table name: Categories
Table2
Table name: Purchase Detail
Table3
Table name: Purchase Parties
Table4
Table
name: Sale parties
Table5
Table
name: Sales Detail
Table6
Table
name: Stock Item
Table7
Table
name: Styles
Table8
Table
name: Switchboard Item
Relationship:
Master
Form
Main
Form for Reports
Report1
Repot
Name: lists of items
Report2
Report
Name: Purchase Parties
Report3
Report
Name: Purchases
Report4
Report
Name: Sale Parties
Report5
Report
Name: Sales
Report
Name: Stocks
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